Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq is an Urdu research and critical inquiry journal which has been published since July 2020, quarterly. The unpublished research-based articles in the context of the Urdu language and literature and other Pakistani local & regional languages as well as Persian, Arabic & Islamic Studies are included in Dareecha –e-Tahqeeq. Articles are sent to the experts for evaluation and opinion before publication. The Aim and Goal of Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq are to promote quality research in areas of Urdu and other Pakistani local & regional languages. The major area of publication of Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq is to publish research work about Urdu classical text, manuscripts and artifacts as well as modern critical thoughts, issues of language, linguistics and quality research of poetry. The Objective of Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq is to standardize Urdu and other Pakistani languages research and criticism, particularly in Universities. The journal facilitates the publication of Urdu researchers and scholars in universities of Pakistan and abroad, research projects under the defined procedures and guidelines. Researchers and scholars of Urdu and other local languages outside universities can also send their research articles. Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq strictly follows the rules and regulations set by HEC for journals. Https: //hjrs. Hec. Gov. Pk/index. Php?r=site%2Fresult&id=1021781#journal_result
An Analytical Study Of The Shrine System, Spiritual Authority, And Sexual Exploitation In Asghar Nadeem Syed’s Novel Tooti Hui Tanab Udhar
This study critically examines the representation of the shrine system, spiritual authority, and sexual exploitation in Asghar Nadeem Syed's novel Tooti Hui Tanab Udhar. Set against the historical and cultural landscape of Multan, the novel reconstructs the evolution of shrine culture alongside the social realities of power, politics, and gender. The study argues that the novel does not merely portray individual moral failures but exposes a broader structure in which hereditary spiritual authority, symbolic prestige, and political influence converge to normalize the exploitation of women. Through the characters of Makhdoom Qurban Ali Shah, Shehr Bano, Jamal Zadi, and Moni Shah, the narrative reveals how religious sanctity is transformed into an instrument of patriarchal domination, reducing women to objects of control, exchange, and sexual gratification. The parallel narration of shrines and brothels further demonstrates that both institutions are interconnected through similar mechanisms of power, hierarchy, and gendered exploitation. Employing qualitative textual analysis, the study draws upon the theoretical perspectives of Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, Sylvia Federici, and Gayle Rubin to interpret the relationship between symbolic power, patriarchy, and the political economy of sexuality. It concludes that Tooti Hui Tanab Udhar presents a profound critique of the degeneration of spiritual institutions, illustrating how the misuse of religious authority ultimately destroys ethical values, social trust, and the sanctity of human relationships. The novel thus emerges as a significant contribution to contemporary Urdu fiction by exposing the complex intersections of spirituality, authority, and sexual exploitation within South Asian society.
Some Common Themes In Selected Translated World Classic Novels
This research article examines the common themes found in selected translated world classic novels in urdu. The novels selected for this study are wuthering Heights by Emily bronte, The Godfather by Mario Puzo, The stranger by Albert Camus, and Identity by Milan Kundera, one of the defining characteristics of a work recognized as a world classic is the universality and enduring relevance of its themes. The study identifies human psychology, emotion, and inner experience as the most dominant thematic concerns across the selected novels. It further explores how these novelists portray various dimension of human life, revealing the complexities of individual existence and interpersonal relationships. Another major thematic focus is the influence of social condition and societal system on human behavior and destiny. The selected novels also present profound reflections on the universe, universal truths, and the broader human condition, highlighting their philosophical depth. In addition to these major themes, the study investigates several subsidiary themes, including the oppression of woman, journalism, contemporary social realities, crime and punishment and ideological conflicts. Through a comparative thematic analysis, the article demonstrates that despite their diverse culture and historical contexts, these world classics share fundamental human concerns that transcend temporal and geographical boundaries, thereby affirming their universal literary significance
The Role Of Fine Arts In The Promotion Of Urdu Literature
The fine arts have great power to convey messages on the other hand literature have not as literature have some issues. One of the problems with literature is that it is very vital to be well-versed to understand its mysteries, while in music, painting, theater, tv and expositions drama, and film, it is not mandatory. Sometimes an individual remembers numerous poems and stanzas of a song even though he does not know their connotation nor can execute reading or jotting down them. This is the power of music. In the same way, the charm of painting, there will hardly be a person who does not like and admire colors. if literature and colors are exemplified together, any induvial in the world will navigate its meaning. Multitudes who are not fond of poetry but or fond of painting or art work can easily understand poetry through such books or portrayals that lived smudged with vocals. The coalition with literature and painting is very obsolete. Allama Muhammad Iqbal was also well aware of the prestige of this bond. In the West, Dante Alighieri and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, books have already been published Graphics Editions. All of these assertions prove that literature does not have the same eve
Psychological Factors Of Fear In “Udas Naslain”: An Analytical Study
This article examines the psychological factors of fear in Abdullah Hussain’s novel Udas Naslain. It explores fear as a significant human emotion shaped by social conditions, historical context, and individual experiences, while also highlighting the literary importance of the novel. The study analyzes key dimensions of fear, including insecurity, alienation, anxiety, fear of death, uncertainty, inferiority complex, and feelings of helplessness. It also considers irrational fears that influence characters’ behavior and decisions. The analysis shows that fear in Udas Naslain functions as a deep psychological force that shapes characters’ inner conflicts, thoughts, and actions. The study concludes that fear plays a central role in character development and reflects the complex relationship between individual psychology and socio-historical realities
Psychological Factors Of Fear In Selected Nineteenth Century Urdu Novels: An Analytical Study
This article presents an analytical study of the psychological factors of fear in selected nineteenth-century Urdu novels. It explores fear as a natural human emotion shaped by personal experiences, social conditions, cultural beliefs, and religious values. The study focuses on four major novels: Taubat-un-Nasuh by Deputy Nazir Ahmad, Fasana-e-Azad by Ratan Nath Sarshar, Umrao Jan Ada by Mirza Hadi Ruswa, and Firdaus-e-Bareen by Abdul Halim Sharar. The analysis demonstrates that these novels portray various forms of fear, including fear of death, disease, insecurity, social disgrace, superstition, darkness, loneliness, and divine punishment. Such fears significantly influence the characters' thoughts, emotions, and actions, often leading them towards repentance, moral reform, or psychological conflict. The study concludes that nineteenth-century Urdu novelists skillfully represented the psychological dimensions of fear and used them to reveal the complex relationship between individual consciousness and the changing social and cultural realities of their time. Thus, fear emerges as a central psychological force in the development of character and narrative.
Metaphysical Concepts In Greek Philosophy
Among Plato's metaphysical concepts, his theory of concepts is the most important. In Plato's view, this world is not real. It is subject to change every moment. Opposite this material world is another world which can be called the world of ideas. The world of ideas is the real world. All objects in this world of ideas are copies of the concepts in the world of ideas. The concepts in the world of ideas are fixed and unchanging. This concept of universal nature is real, eternal and eternal. Universal means a concept that applies to countless things having the same nature. In explaining Plato's theory of conceptsAnd to condemn Lebanon in the era, the statement thanked her, Azar will continue, Vals on the field of Red, a disease, Kananter, or patients, that they left, and Leon Calmi from Kirkuk left, the creatures of the halls of the nations, his sorrows, I want to repeat, the passengers to Macron, on, in, Lina, I wanted, the Brotherhood still, the role of the engine, to, matters, must, with, moving, close, war, known, and, and, the others, and, O, distress, in, from, a year, Kaya said, an exercise, as a procedure, to, it is dedicated, in, studied, in, the English, the Brotherhood, does not narrate, between, my perceptions, to, repeats, creatures, in, within, the range, of, issued, l) lowering, the repercussions, Alex, possibilities, moral, to, the pomegranate, to, Shukri, and, on, the follower
Gendered Oppression in Sajida Zaidi’s “Mitti Ke Haram”
Urdu novels always feel incomplete without strong women characters, and Matti Ke Haram by Sajida Zaidi really brings that out. She writes every detail of women’s struggles and helplessness so honestly. One of the main characters, Saeeda, goes through so much from a difficult childhood to the challenges of being a grown woman. Sajida Zaidi describes everything so visually that it feels like you’re seeing it with your own eyes. Whether it’s the setting, clothes, or language like in the parts set in Lucknow you can tell she’s done justice to the culture. Even characters like Pertar Singh speak the way someone from their background actually would he speaks Punjabi and it feels natural.You feel for every single one of them. What stood out the most was how she shows the difference between how men and women love. Men can separate love from desire, but for women, love and longing come together. This novel really makes you feel things.
Punjabi Translated Novel “Jaat ki Kartoot” : A Study
The literature of every language is a manifestation of a particular background and creative expression. In order to understand the idea and the topic under discussion in the study of any literature, it is necessary to understand the special environment and creative atmosphere in which this literature appeared. The creations in Punjabi language and literature are important because of their rich and historical cultural and literary background. Punjabi poetic and prose creations are the guardians of the vast and ancient political, social, economic and folk heritage of Punjab. Miran Bakhsh Minhas is one of the first Punjabi novelists. Miran Bakhsh Minhas was born in February 1882 in Tehsil Phalia District of Gujarat. Meeran Bakhsh Minhas, who was associated with teaching, died on August 22, 1957. Being a government employee, he continued to publish his works under a pen name. On the books published after his employment, his name is Munshi Abdul Rahman Miran Bakhsh. Miran Bakhsh Minhas wrote books on poetry, fiction, novels and science. Among all these creations, the most important work is his novel “Jutt Di Kartoot” published in 1923, which was translated into Urdu by Altaf Qamar under the auspices of Academy of Letters, Islamabad. This novel, written in Persian script, was translated into Gurmukhi script and included in the curriculum. The book with Gurmukhi script was first published by Bhai Jodh Singh in 1929 under the name “Nawab Khan”. The background of the Punjabi novels written before this novel had religious tendencies and new themes were not being included in the novel. Miran Bakhsh Minhas, broadening the thematic scope of the novel, described the social problems for the first time and also suggested solutions. A glimpse of Punjabi Culture and customs is also shown in this novel. This thesis contains the study of Punjabi culture and civilization as well as social issues, folk wisdom and Punjabi customs in the novel.
Social Awareness in The Poem Of Majid Siddique
Nazm is a popular form of poetry in Urdu literature, especially in 20th century, this form got progress rapidly. Allama Iqbal geared up in such a way that this placed parallel to Ghazal. As modernism spread across the world, sub-continent also adopted it because this literary form had the capacity to narrate all matters of life. Progressive Writer Movement contributed a lot in this regard. After partition, in Pakistan “Nazm” as literary form took all problems of society as its subjects. From Josh MalihAbadi to Faiz Ahmad Faiz and from Noon Meem Rashid to Meera Jee many poets portray the real picture of their era. Majid Siddiqi is renown poet of 20th century. In the decade of seventy, he started his poetry as Ghazal-go poet but soon he chose “Nazm” to cover all matters of society. He painted the true pictures of individual and collective living through his art. In this article, efforts have been made to point out social anxiousness in his Nazm.
Farhatullah Baig is considered one of the earliest sketch writers in Urdu literature. He played an important role in introducing and developing sketch writing in the Urdu literary tradition. A sketch is an important genre of Urdu prose in which a vivid portrait of a person is drawn through the significant events of his or her life. In this regard, his sketches "Nazir Ahmad Ki Kahani Kuch Meri Aur Kuch Un Ki Zabani" and "Ek Wasiyat Ki Takmeel" demonstrate his mastery of the art of sketch writing. In these sketches, he has portrayed the personal lives and literary achievements of the renowned Urdu figures Deputy Nazir Ahmad and Maulvi Wahiduddin Saleem with such skill that a complete picture of their personalities emerges before the reader's eyes. This article presents a critical review of these sketches.
Poems of Akbar Ala Abadi and understanding of Iqbal Thoughts By Saleem Ahmed
Salim Ahmad is considered to be the most controversial critic in the history of Urdu criticism. His creative criticism opened a new dimension of discussion. We can disagree with his thoughts but his questions cannot be denied. He also raised many questions on the thought of Iqbal in his book “Iqbal ak shair”. At the same time he also expressed his critical views on Meer,Ghalib,Hali and Akbar Alabadi. Akbar influenced his views about the revival of old muslim’s civilization.This article is the comparative study of the thought of Akbar Alabdi and Iqbal about free Muslim’s state to safeguard Muslim’s civilization.
Semantic Scope of Naat AND “Tazkra_Naat Goyaan e Urdu
Naat is an important poetic genre of oriental languages, especially in Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages. There are different meanings attached to it. In Arabic and Persian languages, it means to describe good qualities with exaggeration. According to Urdu dictionaries, it means, Sift o Sana and to describe Tahraff o Tauseef, however, this word is used in poetry exclusively for the praise of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). This article is the study of the meanings of this word (Naat) in different languages and also the analytical review of the book “Tazkra_Naat Goyaan e Urdu” by Syed Younis Shah
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Life and Services: In a Historical Perspective
Sir syed Ahmad Khan is a renown Muslim Thinker,Rformer and writer.He played an important role in moulding the history of all India through Ali Grah’s Movement, besides that He spent most of His time in writing books and essays in His esteem Journal “Tehzeeb ul Akhlaq” on different literary ,social and civilizational issues.This article is a brief introduction of His life and scholary work
Poetic Harmony In Arif Abdul Mateen’s Naa’atya Poetry
Naa’at is a form of religious poetry that is recited in praise of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The word “Naa’at " is derived from the Arabic word "nath," which means "praise. “The content of Naa’ats usually includes descriptions of the Prophet Muhammad's character (seerat), his life, and his teachings. Naa’at can also be used to express the devotion and love that Muslims feel towards the Prophet Muhammad. Arif Abdul Mateen wrote in all forms of poetry and prose but his Naa’at genera have special mental thought process and evolution as a journey from communist thoughts to prospects of religion. He in his Naa’atia poetry, basically initiated a heart touching dialogue with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and expected solutions of modern day humanitarian problems from the greatest Reformer and top rank HUMANBEING so he made it a social dialogue rather than mere praise and verbosity. In expression of Naa’at arif’s main focus remained on the philosophical view of developmental, peaceful, progressive and balanced human society as per core Islamic values. His style (Usloob) is having visual and sensory effects embedded with creative, decorated, symbolistic, impressive and articulated treasure of words flavoured with historical imagery. He created Naa’at on the modern poetic norms, which can be seen in each couplet soaked with powerful syntax and images.
Modern Publication Of "Kuliyat-i Mohsin Kakurvi": Review And Trial
Na’at is a distinguished poetry genre of Urdu literature. It started from the early days of Urdu poetry, but the early Na’at of Urdu could not get a gender identity despite the devotion and respect. Mohsin Kakurvi is the first poet of na’at whogave formal gender identity to na’at. His entire Na’atiya poetry was compiled by his worthy and scholarly son Maulvi Nurul Hasan. This Kulliyat was first published in 1905 after the death of Mohsin Kakurvi. Subsequently, a couple ofphotocopied editions were published. Despite this, it was always in demand butits availability remained difficult.Recently, a well-known publishing house ofKarachi, "Rang-e-Adab Publications" has presented its modern publication,which is compiled by Riaz Nadeem Niazi. The editor has done this work ofediting in a very quick and hasty manner due to which the form of MohsinKakurvi's poems has been distorted and many mistakes have been added. Thisarticle examines this modern publication and examines it by pointing out itserrors and changes.
Maulana Altaf Hussain Hali is undoubtedly the founder of modern literature. He dedicated genres like criticism, poetry and biography with the taste of freshness. Muqadama Shair O Shairi is the first reliable example of theoretical criticism in Urdu. During his tenure in Lahore, he laid the foundation stone of the modern poetry movement along with Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad. Although he was educated under the shadow of Eastern literature, he soon got tired of its monotony. Western literature began to feel close to his heart. He loved the utilitarian aspect of literature. Ghazal, which is the most representative genre in Eastern literature, became a target of his criticism. It is generally believed that he was opposed to the ghazal genre, but the fact is that he disliked ghazal due to the homogeneity of the themes of the ghazal. He was opposed to excessive unnatural color in the ghazal. Hali was a practical person, so he wrote ghazals according to his ideas, which were not liked by a large section of Urdu literature and his ghazals were called unhealthy poetry. There is no doubt that Hali made Ghazal a subject of criticism for the first time like other poetry genres. His influence had a far-reaching impact on Ghazal. This article examines Maulana Hali's views on Ghazal.
Intellectual Connections Of Iqbal And Saleem Ahmad: An Analytical Study
Salim Ahmad is a renowned Urdu poet and critic of Urdu literature. He is famous for hiscreative writings in which he analyzes the classical poets in different ways. One can disagreewith his point of view but his questions can not be denied which he raises about the poetry ofIqbal whom he considers his favourite poet. In his writings and poetry we can see theinfluence of Iqbal’s poetry and thought. He has written the book “ Iqbal ak shair” in which hehas raised many questions about the poetry and thought of Iqbal. This article is the study ofintellectual connections of Iqbal and Salim Ahmad.
Iqbal's Concept Of Shaheen: Historical Perspective( In the eyes of Saleem Ahmed)
Salim Ahmad is a renowned Urdu poet, essayist and critic of Urdu literature. He is famous for his creative writings in which he analyzes the classical poets in different ways. One can disagree with his point of view but his questions can not be denied which he raises about the poetry of Meer,Ghalib,Hali and Iqbal.Iqbal is his favorite poet. In his writings and poetry we can see the influence of Iqbal’s poetry and thought. He has written the book “ Iqbalakshair” in which he has raised many questions about the poetry and thought of Iqbal. This book is considered to be the most controversial in the history of Iqbal studies. The article is also a critical review of one of the essays of Salim Ahmad’s “ Iqbal ka aksharikardar— shaheen” included in his book “ Iqbal akshair”.
Urdu and Pothohari belong to the same Indo-Aryan family, so their linguistic templates are almost the same. Pothohari and Urdu have many similarities in Morphology and Syntax, and their vocabulary is also most of the same. In this paper, the syntactic study of Urdu and Pothohari is presented. The linguistic relation between these languages is discussed in the context of Nominal Phrase, Verbal Phrase, Taxeme of Selection, Construction of Sentence, and Derivative and Compound Words. Only the Syntax is analyzed because discussing all the linguistic aspects will be a long account, which cannot be expressed in a few pages.
An Stylistics Analysis Of The Mention Of Animals And Different Periods Of The Twentieth Century
The Art of Ghazal and the Representation of Animals and BirdsIn the vast and expansive world of Urdu poetry, the Ghazal is a poetic genre (sinf-e-sukhan) that not only holds a distinguished position but has also been declared the very honor and pride of Urdu poetry. Traveling through centuries of evolutionary stages, the Ghazal has today become such a comprehensive and all-encompassing genre that it possesses the capacity to encapsulate every aspect, emotion, and experience of human life. Initially, the subject matter of the Ghazal was fundamentally limited to love and romance, praise of the beloved's beauty, the states of separation and union, and the inner workings of the heart. However, with the passage of time, Persian and subsequently Urdu poets broadened its horizon. The Ghazal did not remain confined merely to the themes of metaphorical (earthly) love and divine love; rather, philosophy, mysticism (tasawwuf), ethics, social issues, political awareness, and deep insights into human psychology also began to be expressed within it. Meanwhile, its greatest characteristic—*that each couplet is a complete and independent unit in its own right*—distinguishes it from other poetic genres. Conciseness, brevity, symbolism, and allusion constitute the true beauty of the Ghazal, which is the art of inhabiting a vast and new world of meaning within the fewest possible words. The representation of animals and birds (haiwaanat-o-tuyoor) in the Ghazal is a long-standing trend in the Urdu poetic language. This representation is not limited merely to aesthetic or metaphorical pleasure; rather, it reflects dimensions of intellectual unity, mystical, social, and national identity. The similes, metaphors, and allegories of animals and birds grant the poets' language simplicity, meticulous observation, emotional intensity, and intellectual depth.
Magical Realism Of Gabriel García Márquez: A Metaphorical Discourse Of Memory, Civilization, History, And Human Solitude
This research paper titled “Magical Realism of Gabriel García Márquez: A Metaphorical Discourse of Memory, Civilization, History, and Human Solitude” explores the philosophical, aesthetic, and narrative dimensions of magical realism as developed in the fiction of Gabriel García Márquez. It argues that Márquez does not merely employ supernatural or fantastical elements for stylistic effect; rather, he constructs an epistemological framework in which reality is expanded to include myth, memory, history, dream, and collective unconscious as inseparable dimensions of human experience. The study situates magical realism within its historical and theoretical background, tracing its early formulation in Franz Roh’s concept of Nach Expressionismus and its later transformation in Latin American literary discourse through writers such as Alejo Carpentier, who redefined it as “the marvelous real” rooted in the cultural and historical conditions of Latin America. The paper further distinguishes magical realism from traditional romance and oriental storytelling traditions by emphasizing its integration of the extraordinary into the ordinary without disrupting narrative realism or character perception. A central focus of the study is Márquez’s fictional universe of Macondo in One Hundred Years of Solitude, which is interpreted as a symbolic reconstruction of Latin American history, colonial trauma, and cyclical temporality. The paper also examines the motif of solitude as an ontological condition of human existence, where communication remains fragmented despite physical proximity, and love, family, and history fail to overcome existential isolation. In addition, the research incorporates critical perspectives from international and Pakistani literary theorists, including Mario Vargas Llosa, Carlos Fuentes, Harold Bloom, Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Intizar Husain, and Muhammad Hasan Askari, to demonstrate how Márquez’s narrative technique resonates across diverse cultural and intellectual traditions. His fiction is shown to dissolve the boundaries between history and memory, reality and myth, and individual and collective consciousness. Finally, the study concludes that Márquez’s magical realism is not an escape from reality but an aesthetic reconfiguration of it. Through Macondo, Márquez constructs a universal metaphor of human existence where time is cyclical, history is repetitive, and solitude is the ultimate destiny of humankind. His literary vision thus establishes a model of fiction that is simultaneously local in its cultural roots and universal in its philosophical reach.
The Fundamental Discourses of “ Ilm al-Arūḍ” : In the context of modern Urdu poetry
This research article explores the fundamental concepts of prosody (ʿIlm al-ʿArūḍ) in the context of Urdu poetry, particularly Urdu Nazm. The study traces the linguistic and technical meanings of ʿArūḍ, its historical evolution from Arabic to Persian and subsequently to Urdu, and examines the contributions of classical scholars such as Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, who is regarded as the founder of Arabic prosody. The article highlights how Persian and Urdu literary traditions adapted Arabic metrical systems according to their linguistic and cultural requirements, resulting in the emergence of new poetic meters and rhythmic patterns. The research critically analyzes the traditional prosodic system (Mutadāwal ʿArūḍ) and identifies its technical complexities, inconsistencies, excessive classifications, and theoretical redundancies. It further discusses the reformative efforts of prominent scholars and critics including Nazm Tabatabai, Azmatullah Khan, Hafiz Mahmood Shirani, Gyan Chand Jain, and others who attempted to simplify or reconstruct Urdu prosody in accordance with the phonetic and rhythmic nature of the Urdu language. A comparative discussion between Arabic-Persian prosody and the Indian Pingal system has also been presented, emphasizing their mutual influences and structural differences. The article argues that although Urdu prosody inherited its foundational framework from Arabic and Persian traditions, it gradually absorbed indigenous Indian rhythmic elements as well. Furthermore, the study examines the emergence of modern Urdu free verse and blank verse, showing how contemporary poetic expression moved toward greater rhythmic flexibility while retaining internal musicality and aesthetic coherence. The article concludes that Urdu prosody should neither be abandoned nor replaced entirely; rather, it requires balanced reform, simplification, and critical refinement so that the classical tradition may harmoniously coexist with modern poetic sensibilities.
Concept Of Localization In Khalid Fateh Mohammad's Novel Koh-E-Graan In The Post Modern Perspective
A major change in the novelists of the 21st century is that they show an intellectual retreat towards their local cultures. Novelists deviated towards their locale. Khalid Fateh Muhammad belongs to Gujranwala district of central Punjab. He drew attention to the serious problem of water scarcity in Koh-i-Garan. Due to the drying up of Chenab river, the region is facing water scarcity which may intensify in the coming years. In the narrative of the novel, all the colors of the life of central Punjab are present with full magnificence. In the novel, various social concepts are also described in addition to customs and relationships
Gender Concepts In The Novels of Nazar Sajjad In The Context Of Feminist Reform
Thousands of years ago, system “Madr sari” system was prevalent. Women used to live independent life. Modern agricultural system introduced “Padar.shahi” system which changed the whole situation and women became subjugated and negligible, which placed them in defiance of the historical powder and dominance under the British Rule women were granted some of basic rights giving rise to their recognition in the society. The authors including female writers presented women as a subject of their novels. One of the female writers of that era is Nazar Sajjad Haider who presented the concept of modern and independent women with bravely.She is the mother of Qrat u lain Haider. She emphasized over the issues such as modern and higher education for the women, important of women consent at the time of marriage and men’ s right of second marriage, in her writings . This research work will analyze the social position of women under the novels of Nazar Sajjad Haider. She was practically a feminist who fought against the old fashioned and feudal prevalent traditions of her time
Literary Distinctions Of Musharraf Alam Zauqi Novels
Musharraf Alam Zauqi is renowned novelist, short story writer, dramatist, columnist and poet. His novels earned a great fame for him, this is due to the unique themes and literary treatment of these creations. In his very much acclaimed novels he has described the philosophy of human nature. His novels predominantly narrated the heritage and culture of variegated societies. He masterfully highlighted the abruptly changing norms of society. Musharraf Alam Zauqi also opted blunt style to bring forth the ills of life. Some of his novels brought out feminist themes, the aspiration of self recognition and freedom of speech. The skillful narration style of his writings make him distinct novelist. This research article is an effort to highlight the novelistic distinctions of Musharraf Alam Zauqi.
Moral philosophy In The novels Of Deputy Nazir Ahmed
Nazir Ahmed's novels often encompass a philosophy of ethics that explores the complexities of human behaviour and moral dilemmas in a social and cultural context. Rooted in Islamic ethics and values, his writings explore themes of individual character, social responsibilities, and the tension between tradition and modernity. Nazir Ahmad's characters struggle with moral choices, between virtue, duty, and righteous living. reflect the complexities of achieving His novels highlight the importance of empathy, justice and compassion while criticizing social injustices. Overall, Nazir Ahmed's moral philosophy, as depicted in his novels, tries to reconcile religious principles with the challenges of a changing world, and urges readers to have a higher moral compass. Consider your actions, beliefs, and relationships in light.
Prominent Poets Of Modern Ghazal in Dera Ismail KhanResearch and Critical Review
The civilizational, cultural and historical capital of Dera Ismail Khan is also worthy of attention, but the poetic and literary atmosphere here cannot be ignored in any way.5 Urdu Ghazal, like other regions of Pakistan, has also captured the people of this place. If the office of ancient and modern Ghazal is explored in Dera Ismail Khan, some poets are known at the national level. What are the trends and tendencies of his Ghazals, this article has tried to reveal them. A special study of the Ghazal Poetry of Ghulam Muhammad Qasar, Saeed Ahmed Akhtar, Bahram Sahil, Kawar Ahmed, Tariq Ahmed Nawaz, Tariq Hashmi, Shahab Safdar, Khurshid Rabbani, Tahir Shirazi and Kahlah Ahmed Awan's is the focus of the article under review.
Study of Mirza Hadi Ruswa's writing style
Mirza Hadi Ruswa (1857_1931) is one of Mirza Hadi Ruswa's writing style is marked by its unique blend of prose and poetry, resulting in a distinctive and eloquent narrative. His most renowned work, "Umrao Jaan Ada," exemplifies this stylistic fusion, making his writing captivating and melodious.Ruswa's prose is characterized by a rich vocabulary, intricate sentence structures, and a sense of refinement. He weaves poetic elements into his narrative, creating a lyrical quality that engages the reader. Through meticulous attention to detail and vivid descriptions, Ruswa breathes life into his characters and settings, allowing readers to immerse themselves fully in the story. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Ruswa's style serves as a vehicle for social commentary, exploring themes of love, society, and the human condition with subtlety and insight. His literary finesse endures as a timeless treasure in Urdu literature, ensuring his lasting legacy as a masterful writer. the famous and well-known classic writers of Urdu. Mirza Hadi’s reason for fame is his novel Umrao Jaan Ada.He was a versatile genius and one of the pioneer of the Urdu novel. The present study analysis the writing style of Hadi Ruswa especially in the context of his novels.
A critical review of selected female sketches writers of Urdu literature
In Urdu literature, sketching is a very popular and heartwarming genre like fiction. Sketch is also a separate genre like essay, fiction, drama, and story. Its religious symbols are also called (photo type, sketch). It is believed and recognized as gender, The art of sketching is both easy and difficult, language is also taken into account in sketching, is a very complex genre (which is consumed by sign language).When we mention sketching in Urdu literature, like other genres, there are very few creations of women in sketching. But the women who wrote sketches are of very high quality, but a question arises in the mind. Why hasn't physical examination been done in Khangari, and what is the reason for it, so many questions arise in the mind, is it the dominance of men over women in this society due to which women are being degraded, so maybe the rest of the castes Similarly, the tendency of women in sketching is less, famous sketchers of Urdu literature, who have written very good sketches, names of some of them are listed and comments are being made on the sketching of selected women. Saliha Abid Hussain, Hamida Akhtar Hussain Raipuri, Bano Qudsia and Razia Sajjad Zaheer are prominent among these women.
Pir Hussamuddin Rashidi's Urdu Literary Services
Pir Hussamuddin Rashidi was a famous journalist, historian, scholar and political analyst of his time. He was born on 20th September 1911 in Behman village Near Nusrat Railway Station Taluka Rattodero District Larkana. He was founder member of Sindhi Adabi Board, Urdu College Karachi, Urdu Trust Karachi, Institution of Central and West Asian Studies, Karachi University, Idara-e-Yaadgaar-e-Ghalib etc. He had also been the Chairman of Advisory Council of Sindh University, member of the Syndicate of Sindh University. Pir Hussamuddin was basically a historian and it was with reference to history that he viewed other Sciences and Arts.Today Sindhi new generation is treading the path of Scholarship and research in the light of Pir Sahib’s work. Pir Sahib introduced the tradition of modern research in Sindh. The Government of Pakistan, in 1964, conferred on him the literary award Sitaara-e-Imtiaz for his meritorious services in the fields of literature and history. He expired on 1st April 1982. He is buried in the historical graveyard of Makli, Thattaa, Sindh, Pakistan.