The Foundational Concepts Of Philosophy

Abstract

The civilizations with which we first come into contact through archaeology are the ancient Greek civilizations whose philosophers seem to have been immersed in physical and metaphysical contemplation. But this does not mean that this is the earliest history of philosophy. This history necessarily marks the evolution of an intellectual continuum, the initial impressions of which have been lost to the ravages of time and are no longer available to us. The impressions that man has been able to access have become the source of European civilization. For two thousand years, European philosophers could not free themselves from the spell of Greek thought. Every subsequent philosopher has accepted the influences of the Greek sages, especially Plato and Aristotle, and most have been delighted with their wisdom. The people of Islam, who, rising above the distinctions of color, race, time and place, consider knowledge and wisdom to be a lost heritage, have also made valuable efforts to understand Greek philosophy. Muslim sages translated the books of Greek sages, wrote commentaries and presented them in their own intellectual mold, which created a fascination with these thoughts and ideas among Muslims as well. These are the reasons that double the need and importance of Greek philosophy in world literature. Ancient Greek society was a pantheistic religion. Like the phenomena of nature, the number of gods was also innumerable. They believed that although the different gods possessed different powers, they were connected by the unity of the same divine family